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Java类的初始化和清理（八）

输出：NOT, ordinal 0 MILD, ordinal 1 MEDIUM, ordinal 2 HOT, ordinal 3 FLAMING, ordinal 4尽管 enum 看起来像是一种新的数据类型，但是这个关键字只是在生成 enum 的类时，产...

Java类的初始化和清理（七）

// housekeeping/VarargType.java public class VarargType { static void f(Character... args) { System.out.print(args.getClass()); System.out.println(" l...

Java类的初始化和清理（六）

动态数组创建如果在编写程序时，不确定数组中需要多少个元素，那么该怎么办呢？你可以直接使用 new 在数组中创建元素。下面例子中，尽管创建的是基本类型数组，new 仍然可以工作（不能用 new 创建单个的基本类型数组）：// housekeeping/...

Java类的初始化和清理（五）

非静态实例初始化Java 提供了被称为实例初始化的类似语法，用来初始化每个对象的非静态变量，例如：// housekeeping/Mugs.java // Instance initialization class Mug { Mug(int marker) { System.out.println...

Java类的初始化和清理（四）

8 构造器初始化可以用构造器进行初始化，这种方式给了你更大的灵活性，因为你可以在运行时调用方法进行初始化。但是，这无法阻止自动初始化的进行，他会在构造器被调用之前发生。因此，如果使用如下代码：// housekeeping/Counter.java public class Counter { in...

Java类的初始化和清理（三）

7 成员初始化Java 尽量保证所有变量在使用前都能得到恰当的初始化。对于方法的局部变量，这种保证会以编译时错误的方式呈现，所以如果写成：void f() { int i; i++; }你会得到一条错误信息，告诉你 i 可能尚未初始化。编译器可以为 i 赋一个默认值，但是未初始化的局部变量更有可.....

Java类的初始化和清理（二）

在构造器中调用构造器当你在一个类中写了多个构造器，有时你想在一个构造器中调用另一个构造器来避免代码重复。你通过 this 关键字实现这样的调用。通常当你说 this，意味着"这个对象"或"当前对象"，它本身生成对当前对象的引用。在一个构造器中，当你给 this 一个参数列表时，它是另一层意思。它.....

Java类的初始化和清理（一）

1 不安全的编程是造成编程代价昂贵的主因之一两个安全性问题1.1 初始化C 语言中很多的 bug 都是因为程序员忘记初始化导致的。尤其是很多类库的使用者不知道如何初始化类库组件，甚至当侠客们必须得初始化这些三方组件时(很多可怜的掉包侠根本不会管初始化问题)1.2 清理当使用一个元素做完事后就不会去关...

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